The reduction of go was also characterized by ftir spectroscopy. Synthesis, characterization, chemical reduction and. In the spectrum of graphene oxide, the absorption peak at 1,726 cm1 is caused by the c o stretching vibration of the cooh group. Go was characterized by using a scanning electron microscope sem, fourier. Electrochemical reduction of solution cast and selfassembled graphene oxide go films on au surfaces were studied using organic solvents. We investigate raman spectra of graphite oxide and functionalized graphene sheets with epoxy and hydroxyl groups and stone. Ftir spectra were recorded on shimadzu dr8001 spectrometer. Transform infrared spectroscopy ftir, xray diffraction xrd and uvvis. Studies of reduced graphene oxide and graphite oxide in the. The samples were characterized by ftir, xrd, tga, raman spectroscopy. Synthesis and characterization of graphene oxide and.
Graphene oxide go reduced graphene oxide rgo a 500 1500 2000 2500 3000 g band d band go rgo 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 raman shi cm 1 b f. The applications of graphene, graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide in the production of sensors is also a very promising. Competitive adsorption of dopamine and rhodamine 6g on the. Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide nanosheets. Fourier transform infrared ftir analysis showed the presence of abundant oxygencontaining functional groups in go as compared to rgo. An infrared spectroscopic investigation of thin alumina. The high intensity of the main peaks in xgo confirms the presence of a large amount of oxygen functional groups after the. Synthesis and characterization of ceo 2 graphene composite. In this work, the go nanosheets were prepared by a chemical exfoliation technique.
Study of optical properties of graphene flakes and. Figure 2 shows ftir atr spectra of polyurethane paper, reduced graphene oxide based membrane and graphene oxide. Some small but sharp features at near 2900 cm1 come from ch vibration bands due to water adsorption on graphene. This means that these bands are mostly attributed to the polyurethane paper used as a support. The graphs show the stretching of hydroxyl group at 3450 cm. Synthesis, characterization and study of graphene oxide. Functionalized fewlayered graphene oxide embedded in an organosiloxane. The samples were characterized using fourier transform infrared ftir spectroscopy. Fabrication and characteristics of reduced graphene oxide. Aksay, roberto car, and annabella selloni, department of chemistry and department of chemical and biological engineering, princeton university, princeton, new jersey 08544, united states. Conclusions we performed a detailed analysis of the ir vibrational spectra of graphene oxide using. Graphene oxide go was synthesized from graphite and also produced from waste materials, such as coconut shell, rice husk, and bagasse. Raman spectra of graphite, graphene oxide, and graphene.
From fundamentals to applications article pdf available in journal of physics condensed matter 271. During the cyclic voltammetry measurements the structural changes in the films were recorded focusing on in situ infrared and raman techniques. Their unique properties are not only restricted to graphene but also shared with derivative compounds like graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, functionalized graphene, and so forth. The ftir spectra indicated absorption bands due to oh stretching, co bending, nh stretching and bending, ch stretching and feo stretching vibrations. The structural and optical properties of the asprepared go nanosheets were characterized by raman, ftir, uvvis and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Preparation and characterization of reduced graphene oxide. Magnesium oxide, yttrium oxide, and scandium oxide are also listed with. Studies of reduced graphene oxide and graphite oxide in. Synthesis and characterization of sulfophenylfunctionalized reduced graphene oxide sheets.
The fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ftir spectra have been recorded in the range 4000500 cm1 using the kbr pressed pellet technique, with a nexus670 analytical ftir spectrometer of. Raman spectra of graphite, graphene oxide, and grapheneag composite films. The samples were characterized using fourier transform infrared ftir spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy sem with energy dispersive xray eds facility attached to it, uvvisible spectrometry and fourpoint probe. Figuredpresentsthesurfaceofrgo,whichis highly expanded, and number of defects is.
Xrdhta, uv visible, ftir and sem interpretation of reduced. Synthesis of graphene oxide go by modified hummers. The ftir spectrum of go in figure 1, shows a broad peak appeared at 3429 cm1 in the high frequency area attributed to the stretching mode of oh bond, reveals the presence of hydroxyl groups in graphene oxide. Ftir, raman spectroscopy and xray photoelectron spectroscopy xps. Raman spectra of graphite oxide and functionalized graphene sheets.
Both ftraman and dispersive raman spectroscopy were utilized for the reduction studies. In a zscan study, fgosol samples exhibit superior nonlinear optical and optical limiting responses in comparison to their graphene oxide precursor due to increased covalent crosslinking of. This synthesis was carried out by mixing aqueous solutions of cecl37h2o and go, which yields the oxidized composite goceo2. Surface functional groups of go layers and the oxidative debris od stacked on them were investigated after od was extracted. In a go dispersion, a few layer flakes and monolayer flakes can be found.
In the spectral range from 700 to 1200 cm1 which is interesting for our. Graphene oxide go was chemically synthesized from natural flake graphite nfg. Atr ftir spectra of aluminium oxide al2o3 midir region 4000500 cm1 farir region 50080 cm1 last updated 9th december, 2015. Synthesis of graphene oxide go by modified hummers method. Thin films of go and rgo were also deposited on sodalime glass substrate using spray pyrolysis technique spt. In the iron hydroxide samples, they saw clear evidence of trigonal boron at ph 7, a mixture of both trigonal and tetrahedral boron at ph 9, and the spectra were dominated by tetrahedral boron at ph 11. Ftir spectra of fgosol samples were taken with a nanoir2 anasys instruments atomic force microscope with simultaneous infrared spectral analysis. A low cost, nonexplosive process for the synthesis of graphene oxide go is demonstrated. Atrftir spectra of the adsorbents were recorded with a ftir spectrometer vertex, bruker 70 over the wave range from 4000 to. The synthesis and characterization of graphite oxide go, graphene gs, and the composites. Institute of chemistry university of tartu, estonia. A lowcost nonexplosive synthesis of graphene oxide for. Recently, graphene and other graphene based materials have become an essential part of composite science and technology.
Combined effects of functional groups, lattice defects. Raman spectra of graphite g, graphene oxide go, and reduced graphene oxide rgo. Subsequently reduced graphene oxide rgo having few layer graphene is extracted from go by the thermal reduction of go. Graphene oxide go has recently attracted great attention due to its unique chemical and physical properties. Ftiratr spectra of the polyurethane paper and reduced graphene oxide based membrane are very similar. The xrd, ftir, uvvisible spectra results were confirmed the property of sample. The techniques applied for the preparation of graphite oxide 12 and its further reduction to reduced graphene oxide affect the properties of these materials, due to the presence of additional. In order to recover the honeycomb hexagonal lattice and the electrical conductivity, the reduction of the graphene oxide has to be achieved. Having unique properties, graphene layers are a quite interesting nanomaterial for industrial applications. The general attributes of the raman spectra of these wrinkled graphene are first reaffirmed by evaluating the spectra of samples prepared by seven different exfoliationreduction methods. Aug 18, 2019 graphene oxide is an excellent material to solve this problem 4,5,6.
However, once most of the oxygen groups are removed, the reduced graphene oxide rgo obtained is more difficult to disperse due to its tendency to create aggregates. The go was chemically reduced to reduced graphene oxide rgo using hydrazine monohydrate. Raman spectra of graphite, graphene oxide, and graphene openi. Paper open access a methodology for synthesis of reduced. Xrdhta, uv visible, ftir and sem interpretation of. This is oxidized by nished by an aircooled source and spectra were water vapor either h 2 oord 2 o at 650 k for collected with a resolution of 4 cm. I suppose the presence of different type of oxygen functionalities in graphene oxide or graphite was shown at 600 cm1 and 800 cm 1oh, a long peak at. Controlled synthesis, characterization and reduction of. Synthesis and characterization of graphene oxide and reduced. Xray diffraction analysis of graphite, graphite oxide, and the reduced graphene oxide.
The peak at 1,620 cm1 is attributed to the c c skeletal vibration of the graphene sheets. A comparison of the raman spectra of singlelayer graphene and bulk graphite ab stacked can be seen in fig. Preparation and characterization of graphene oxide. The process involved preparation of graphene oxide and its chemical reduction with different reductants to obtain reduced graphene oxide. Natural flake graphite nfg was procured from loba chemie india having a mean size of 60 mesh and purity of 98%. Figures 53 and 54 are composites of infrared absorption bands for the various oxide spectra presented in this report. A raman spectroscopic investigation of graphite oxide. The graphene oxide samples were lyophilized before performing the spectral analysis. Recently, graphene and other graphenebased materials have become an essential part of composite science and technology. Sep 20, 2018 a ftir spectra of the initial graphene oxide and go reduced by using glass wafers.
The graphene oxide loading silver nanoparticle based on thiol groups was successfully fabricated. A raman spectroscopic investigation of graphite oxide derived. Aluminium oxide database of atrftir spectra of various. The ftir spectra were measured in the spectral range from 500 to 3000 cm1, using bomem da 8 spectrometer. Graphene and graphite oxide have gained vast popularity and become wonder materials in the present context of research and development. The go obtained from pure graphite was compared with graphite made from indonesian biomass coconut shell, rice husk, and bagasse that had its silica content removed. Ftiratr spectrum of graphene oxide only present bands corresponding to vibrational modes of and groups 7. It is a surfacesensitive analytical technique that is useful to determine the chemical environment of atoms, in this case of carbon atoms in. Pdf comparison on graphite, graphene oxide and reduced.
Graphene oxide go layers are the individual sheets of conventional graphite oxide cgo. In this work, we study optical spectroscopy of graphene flakes and its derivatives such as graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide in the same. Polyurethane nanocomposites containing reduced graphene. Functionalized fewlayered graphene oxide embedded in an. The ftir spectra showed the addition of oxygen functionality groups in go while such groups was drastically reduced in rgo. One of the most structurally important materials, graphene oxide go, is prepared by the. This research studied the synthesis of graphene oxide and graphene via a lowcost manufacturing method.
Polyurethane nanocomposites containing reduced graphene oxide. Raman spectra of graphite oxide and functionalized. Ftir spectra of graphene oxide, srtio3 particles, and s. Dec 14, 2015 the process involved preparation of graphene oxide and its chemical reduction with different reductants to obtain reduced graphene oxide. The characteristic absorption band at 1034 and 1160 cm 1 in the ftir spectrum of the. Graphene sheets that are now routinely obtained by the exfoliationreduction of graphite oxide exhibit raman spectra unlike traditional graphene systems. Sep 12, 2014 the ftir spectra indicated absorption bands due to oh stretching, co bending, nh stretching and bending, ch stretching and feo stretching vibrations. Ftir spectra of graphene oxide, srtio3 particles, and s openi. Competitive adsorption of dopamine and rhodamine 6g on. It was able to distinguish between different functionalizing molecules, even on materials with anisotropic thermal conductivity.
While no significant peak was found in graphite, the presence of different type of oxygen functionalities in graphene oxide was confirmed at 3400 cm1 oh stretching. Aug, 2018 a low cost, nonexplosive process for the synthesis of graphene oxide go is demonstrated. The main difference between graphite oxide and go is, thus, the number of layers. Covalently functionalized graphene oxide international journal of. Synthesis and characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles. Figuredpresentsthesurfaceofrgo,whichis highly expanded, and number of defects is not so abundant.
Synthesis, characterization, chemical reduction and biological application of graphene oxide by xiguang gao a thesis presented to the university of waterloo. Graphene oxide go has been initially prepared by a modified hummersmethod. Competitive adsorption of dopamine and rhodamine 6g on the surface of graphene oxide. Research article polyurethane nanocomposites containing. Atrftir spectroscopic studies of boric acid adsorption on. Paper open access related content preparation of silver. The rare earth oxides are grouped together in figure 54 to show spectral similarities. Analysis was performed successfully using fourier transform.
For the graphene oxide it was not necessary to carry out any previous treatment. The purpose of this work is the structural analysis of graphene oxide go and by means of a new structural model to answer the questions arising from the lerfklinowski and the lee structural models. The high intensity of the main peaks in xgo confirms the presence of a large amount of oxygen functional groups after. Oxidation of graphite and covalent coupling of lof with graphene oxide was analyzed through. The ftir spectra of graphite and xgo are presented in figures 3a and 3b, respectively. Figure 2 shows the ftir spectra of graphene oxide, srtio3 particles, and srtio3graphene10% composites. Figure 53 lists the metal oxides exclusive of the rare earth oxides.
Research article preparation and characterization of. Reduced graphene oxide as saturable absorbers for erdoped passively modelocked fiber laser grzegorz sobon, 1, jaroslaw sotor, 1 joanna jagiello,2 rafal kozinski,2 mariusz zdrojek, 3 marcin holdynski, 4 piotr paletko, 5 jakub boguslawski, 1 ludwika lipinska, 2 and krzysztof m. Synthesis and characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles by. The ftir spectra of tio 2sio 2 composite samples and tio 2 pure nanopowder are presented in figs. Atr ftir spectra of aluminium oxide al 2 o 3 midir region 4000500 cm 1 farir region 50080 cm 1 last updated 9th december, 2015. I suppose the presence of different type of oxygen functionalities in graphene oxide or graphite was shown at 600 cm1 and 800 cm 1oh, a long peak at 1600 cm1 with another in 1700 co, at. Figure 2 shows the ftir spectra of graphene oxide, srtio3 particles, and srtio3 graphene 10% composites. Ftir spectra of graphene oxide go and reduced graphene oxide rgo powder.
Raman spectra of graphite oxide and functionalized graphene. Xps, ftir, raman and electrical conductivity analysis showed that all reductants except dglc without the addition of ammonia were effective to convert go into rgo. This is oxidized by nished by an aircooled source and spectra were water vapor either h 2 oord 2 o at 650 k for collected with a resolution of 4. Combined effects of functional groups, lattice defects, and. However, the generation of graphene layers from graphite is quite expensive, but can be achieved at lower cost via controlled oxidation of graphite. Ftir analysis suggested that both r6g and da molecules predominantly adsorb on the. Research article preparation and characterization of graphene. Characterization of graphene oxide and reduced graphene ftir spectra figure s1 shows ftir spectra of graphite, graphene oxide and reduced graphene. The silver was decorated welldistributed to the layer of graphene oxide by tem observation. Afmir is also shown to be sensitive to small changes in the sulfonate absorption spectra arising from chemical and surface effects.
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